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Saturday 3 March 2012
FEEL ABOUT BEL CLASS
MAKING INFERENCE AND DRAWING CONCLUSION
Drawing conclusions refers to information that is implied or inferred. This means that the information is never clearly stated.
Writers often tell you more than they say directly. They give you hints or clues that help you "read between the lines." Using these clues to give you a deeper understanding of your reading is called inferring. When you infer, you go beyond the surface details to see other meanings that the details suggest or imply (not stated). When the meanings of words are not stated clearly in the context of the text, they may be implied - that is, suggested or hinted at. When meanings are implied, you may infer them.
Inference is just a big word that means a conclusion or judgement. If you infer that something has happened, you do not see, hear, feel, smell, or taste the actual event. But from what you know, it makes sense to think that it has happened. You make inferences everyday. Most of the time you do so without thinking about it. Suppose you are sitting in your car stopped at a red signal light. You hear screeching tires, then a loud crash and breaking glass. You see nothing, but you infer that there has been a car accident. We all know the sounds of screeching tires and a crash. We know that these sounds almost always mean a car accident. But there could be some other reason, and therefore another explanation, for the sounds. Perhaps it was not an accident involving two moving vehicles. Maybe an angry driver rammed a parked car. Or maybe someone played the sound of a car crash from a recording. Making inferences means choosing the most likely explanation from the facts at hand.
There are several ways to help you draw conclusions from what an author may be implying. The following are descriptions of the various ways to aid you in reaching a conclusion.
General Sense
The meaning of a word may be implied by the general sense of its context, as the meaning of the word incarcerated is implied in the following sentence:
Murderers are usually incarcerated for longer periods of time than robbers.
You may infer the meaning of incarcerated by answering the question "What usually happens to those found guilty of murder or robbery?" Use the text box below to write down what you have inferred as the meaning of the word incarcerated.
Examples
When the meaning of the word is not implied by the general sense of its context, it may be implied by examples. For instance,
Those who enjoy belonging to clubs, going to parties, and inviting friends often to their homes for dinner are gregarious.
You may infer the meaning of gregarious by answering the question "What word or words describe people who belong to clubs, go to parties a lot, and often invite friends over to their homes for dinner?" Use the lines below to write down what you have inferred as the meaning of the word gregarious.
Antonyms and Contrasts
When the meaning of a word is not implied by the general sense of its context or by examples, it may be implied by an antonym or by a contrasting thought in a context. Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings, such as happy and sad. For instance,
Ben is fearless, but his brother is timorous.
You may infer the meaning of timorous by answering the question "If Ben is fearless and Jim is very different from Ben with regard to fear, then what word describes Jim?" Write your answer on the following line.
A contrast in the following sentence implies the meaning of credence:
Dad gave credence to my story, but Mom's reaction was one of total disbelief.
You may infer the meaning of credence by answering the question "If Mom's reaction was disbelief and Dad's reaction was very different from Mom's, what was Dad's reaction?" Write your answer on the following lines.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
-Time phrase used in the present continuous tense,for example:(now,currently,this week,still,today,at present,right now,at the moment).
-The present continuous tense-When to use:
1)We use the present continuous tense to talk about activities happening now.For example,The kids are watching television.
2)We can also use the present continuous tense to talk about activities happening around now, and not necessarily this very moment.For example,Sally is studying really hard for her exams this week.
3)The present continuous tense is also used to talk about activities happening in the near future,especially for planned future events.For examples,I am seeing my dentist on wednesday.
-Present continuous tense form:
For example:I am speaking(positive),I am not speaking(negative),Am I speaking(question).
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
>The simple present tense describes:
-Habitual action
-A fact
-General statement
>Time phrase used in simple present tense:
-every day,today,daily,nowadays,often,always,sometimes,seldom
-For example : I do my homework every day
>The simple present tense can be expressed in the affirmative,negative,and the interrogative forms.
-for examples : she is a hard working student(affirmative) , she is not hard working student(negative) , is she a hard working student?(interrogative)
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
-past continuous tense is an action or something that happen in the past
-USE 1 : duration in the past
-use to talk about actions or situations that lasted for some time in the past, and whose duration time is unknown or unimportant.
-USE 2 : interrupted actions in progress
-is often used when one action in progress is interrupted by another action in the past.we usually use when or while to link these two sentences.
-USE 3 : actions in progress at the same time
-also use this tense to talk about two or more activities happening at the same. We usually use when or while to link the two sentences.
-USE 4 : timid/polite questions
-even though the sentences have a past continuous tense form, they refer to the present moment. their meaning is similar to the "could you" sentences, but they are more polite.
-USE 5 : irritation
-remember that you can also express irritation over somebody or something in the past.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE AND DETERMINERS
Simple past tense :
>Used to describe an action or an event
>Affirmative form of simple past tense :
-Bump(base form)
-Bumped(simple past tense)
-The wagons bumped into each other when the train came to a sudden halt(example)
>Negative form of simple past tense :
-was + not , were + not(base form)
-wasn't , weren't(shortened form)
-the child was not happy to receive the gift(example)
>Interrogative or question form or simple past tense :
-was , were('be' verb)
-the child(subjects)
-happy to receive the gift?(rest of question)
Determiners :
>Other than the articles (a, an, the) there are other words that can be used to show quantity.
>Determiners used with singular countable nouns :
-one = one pirate
-each = each kingfisher
-every = every report
>Determiners used with plural countable nouns :
-a lot of = a lot of cookies
-many = many accidents
-both = both wrestlers
>Determiners used with uncountable nouns :
-some = some honey
-all = all interest
-this = this excitement
CONJUNCTION & PREPOSITIONS
conjunctions
>Link of words to other parts of a sentence and show relations between them.
>3 basic conjunctions :
-coordinating
-correlative
-subordinating
>coordinating :
-they join single words, phrases and clauses
>correlative :
-connect complete sentences, word or phrases of similar
>subordinating
-time:these conjunctions answer the question 'when'
-place:answer the question 'where'
-reason:answer the question 'why'
Prepositions
>connects words that show relationship among words in a sentences.
-for example, my grandfather came to kuala lumpur by train.
>i)movement
>ii)position
>iii)time
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